Gau (, also known as Ngau in English)
Geography
There are 16 villages on the island: Yadua, Vadra Vadra, Lovu, Levuka-i-Gau, Nukuloa, Nawaikama, Somosomo, Sawaieke (the chiefly village), Navukailagi, Qarani, Vione, Lekanai, Vanuaso, Nacavanadi, Malawai and Lamiti.
Most of the island's residents live near the coast, and few live in the interior. Travel between villages is mostly by sea or on the coast road.
[Watling, Dick and A. N. Gilison. "Endangered Species in Low Elevation Cloud Forest on Gau Island, Fiji". in Lawrence S. Hamilton and James O. Juvik, eds. Tropical Montane Cloud Forests:Proceedings of an International Symposium at San Juan, Puerto Rico. East-West Center Program on Environment, 1993.] It has one
Gau Airport, on the southern tip of the island, which receives planes from Nausori International Airport. There is one secondary school on the island in Nawaikama, which also hosts hot springs nearby. Gau Island is widely regarded as having one of the best
kava (yaqona) strains in
Fiji.
Ecology
About 55% of the island is covered in dense rain forest, mostly on the windward southern and western sides of the island and in the central highlands. The eastern shore and the northern and southern tips of the island are covered in grassland or reed, with some plantations of introduced
Caribbean pine (
Pinus caribaea). Ridge thicket, a low-growing
cloud forest with a tree canopy of 7 meters or lower, grows along the central ridge and extends as low as 200 meters elevation on windy ridges on the island's southern and western slopes. Ridge thicket is characterised by abundant large ferns including the
Cyathea spp. and
Leptopteris wilkesiana, the climbing vines
Freycinetia spp., and limited-range species like the palm
Physokentia petiolata, which only occurs on Gau and the highlands of Viti Levu.
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The Gau Highlands Important Bird Area is an area covering the entire forested interior (just over 50% of the entire island) and measures . It contains populations of the critically endangered Fiji petrel, and vulnerable shy ground-dove and collared petrel.
A marine research facility was established on Naviavia beach on the western coast of Gau in 2005 by the UK-based non-governmental organization Frontier, commissioned by Dr. Joeli Veitayaki of the University of South Pacific, a native of Malawai on the eastern coast.
Notable people
The first King of Fiji Seru Epenisa Cakobau grew up on the island,
